glp-1 agonist pharmacology Frontiers A Comprehensive Review of the

Signs and symptoms include: Fatigue/weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, abdominal pain, and pruritus (itching) Enlarged spleen when palpated Distended abdomen from ascites Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) Bruising or excessive bleeding Dark stools resulting from blood in the feces, or pale-colored stools from lack of bile secretion Testing: Biochemical tests for compounds released by damaged hepatocytes, including alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase Diagnostic imaging including ultrasound Liver biopsy, which is the gold standard for assessing the extent of liver damage Conventional Treatments Prevent progression of the underlying chronic liver disease and manage complications of cirrhosis Liver transplantation surgery is the standard treatment for end-stage cirrhosis Novel and Emerging Therapies These therapies mostly target the pathways that initiate the liver damage, including: PPAR activators, which inhibit liver fibrosis Ursodeoxycholic acid, approved for treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug that may increase survival time in diabetics with cirrhosis Dietary and Lifestyle Management Abstain from alcohol use and avoid smoking Under physician supervision, adjust prescription drug doses as cirrhosis alters liver metabolism of many drugs Coffee consumption has been associated with a lower incidence of cirrhosis and may reduce the risk of liver damage Integrative Interventions Milk thistle/silymarin: Milk thistle and its principal flavonoid mixture silymarin have shown remarkable protective and antioxidant effects against several types of liver damage, including cirrhosis

Human bone marrow stromal cells Express a distinct set of biologically functional chemokine receptors

PMID 3138230

Berberine in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics